Tlaloc we already know. [13] Furthermore, early Spanish sources written by clerics tend to identify the god-ruler Quetzalcoatl of these narratives with either Hernn Corts or Thomas the Apostleidentifications which have also become sources of a diversity of opinions about the nature of Quetzalcoatl. As a wind god, he was also responsible for making the rain fall. Drunkenness was forbidden, so Tezcatlipoca disguised himself as a medicine man and offered Quetzalcoatl alcohol disguised as a medicinal potion. Cholula remained the most important center of worship of Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec/Nahua version of the feathered-serpent deity, in the post-classic period. The God Quetzalcoatl definitely has a link of some sort to this hero. Minster, Christopher. The four suns before Quetzalcoatl had been destroyed by disastrous events, like floods, fires, and volcanic eruptions. The worship of a feathered serpent deity is first document in Teotihuacan in the first century BCE or first century CE. The History of Guns, Greek Mythology: Stories, Characters, Gods, and Culture, Aztec Mythology: Important Stories and Characters, Greek Gods and Goddesses: Family Tree and Fun Facts, Roman Gods and Goddesses: The Names and Stories of 29 Ancient Roman Gods, How Quetzalcoatl Created and Sustained Humans, How Quetzalcoatl Became Part of the Tezcatlipocas, Aztec and Maya Serpent Imagery of Quetzalcoatl, Water Gods and Sea Gods From Around the World, Sun Gods: Ancient Solar Deities From Around the World, 10 Gods of Death and the Underworld From Around the World, Herne the Hunter: Spirit of Windsor Forest, Sif: The Golden-Haired Goddess of the Norse, iPhone History: A Timeline of Every Model in Order, US History Timeline: The Dates of Americas Journey, Ancient Civilizations Timeline: 16 Oldest Known Cultures From Around The World, Why Are Hot Dogs Called Hot Dogs? The first documented worship of Quetzalcoatl is found in Theotihuacan during the first century BC or first century AD. Looking at the iconography and retold myths of Mesoamerica, some historians have theories that Quetzalcoatl came to be associated with culture and urban civilization. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: "[Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful. The relation of Quetzalcoatl with just the latest sun is a result of the mingling of his earliest myths and some new perceptions. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-quetzalcoatl-2136322. Accessed March 1, 2023. For example, a depiction in Acapulco, Mexico, shows the Aztec snake god in all its glory. Quetzalcoatl was the Aztec version of this plumed snake archetype. The Name Quetzalcoatl Quetzalcoatl was also linked with Aztec priesthood and one of the two high priests in the famous Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan assumed the title of Quetzalcoatl. Similarly, various other birth stories are also associated with Quetzalcoatl. READ MORE: 10 Gods of Death and the Underworld From Around the World. Quetzalcoatl has been worshiped by all the major Mesoamerican cultures including the Mayans and the Aztecs. Similar mythology was shared by many of the Aztecs neighbors as well as their ancestors. Archaeological sites in Mexico City have street addresses, not GPS coordinates, as sites tend to elsewhere. Ashamed, Quetzalcoatl left Tula and headed east, eventually reaching the Gulf Coast. Some legends describe him as opposed to human sacrifice[26] while others describe him practicing it.[27][28]. It really elevated the status of the Feathered Serpent to the protector of the people, which is also affirmed by his role as patron god. The legend of Quetzalcoatl is spoofed in the Adult Swim CGI series Xavier: Renegade Angel. Alternatively, he left willingly on a raft of snakes, promising to return. Quetzalcoatl was a jack of many trades, a truth also reflected in the stories surrounding his birth. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Quetzalcoatlhe was the wind, the guide and road sweeper of the rain gods, of the masters of the water, of those who brought rain. After the eclipse of the fourth sun, Quetzalcoatl would go on a trip to the underworld. However, later sources uncover that already a year before him a similar figure dwelled in the lands of the Aztec territory. Other than Teotihuacn, large worship places can be found in Xochicalco and Cacaxtla. Quetzalcoatl was considered important in the pantheon of Aztec gods. Mayans had deities with feathered serpent as their names. Quetzalcoatl is a form of one of Mesoamericas most wide-spread images. In one myth tied to this belief, the two killed a great monster and used its body to craft the world. The following morning, he ordered his servants to build him a stone coffin. The Aztecs werent a big fan of chronological order and shook up the world of the gods. The first keeper of written records, he was patron of the Calmecac, a school for noble children who learned to paint histories and astrology, as well as practice the art of war. Xolotl Among the Aztecs, this was Quetzalcoatls twin. The Nahua civilization, which included the central Mexican Aztecs, almost universally worshipped Quetzalcoatl among their gods. According to the Book of Mormon, the resurrected Jesus Christ descended from heaven and visited the people of the American continent, shortly after his resurrection. Cult worship may have involved the ingestion of hallucinogenic mushrooms (psilocybes), considered sacred. He was a creator deity having contributed essentially to the creation of mankind. So it should be clear that Quetzalcoatl was, indeed, a great mythical figure. In general, he is considered the god of wisdom, the god of the Aztec ritual calendar, the god of corn and maize, and oftentimes a symbol of death and resurrection.The different roles of Quetzalcoatl are partly attributable to a series of reincarnations. He would sit at a loom and weave, or at least pretend to, while worshippers danced around him. I have been in love with all things related to Mythology. Because of this, the ways in which he was worshipped varied widely. The first culture to use the symbol of a feathered serpent as an important religious and political symbol was that of Teotihuacan. There is no question that the legend of Quetzalcoatl played a significant role in the colonial period. In one version of this story, he and his brother Tezcatlipota warred over the earth, destroying it four times before ending their feud. So Quetzalcoatl is named after the thing he looks like, a feathered serpent deity. The famous Pyramid of the Niches at El Tajin is believed by many to be dedicated to Quetzalcoatl, and the many ball courts there also suggest that his cult was important. In another legend, still told in Mexico, Quetzalcoatl was feeling ill. His brother Tezcatlipoca, who wanted to be rid of Quetzalcoatl, came up with a clever plan. Chichen Itza is famous for its Temple of Kukulcn, which was their name for Quetzalcoatl. Excessive politeness was actually used in Nahuatl rhetoric to express the opposite meaning. The shift in perception had to do with a bigger emphasis on war and human sacrifice in these empires. With great respect and awe. And, it wasnt so bad after all. [8] In his form as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a harpy eagle. There are three different ways you can cite this article. Amazed by the grace and beauty of the birds, the snake decided his destiny was to fly like them. The worship of Quetzalcoatl sometimes included animal sacrifices, and in other traditions Quetzalcoatl was said to oppose human sacrifice.Mesoamerican priests and kings would sometimes take the name of a deity they were associated with, so Quetzalcoatl and Kukulcan are also the names of historical persons. [5] It was one of several important gods in the Aztec pantheon, along with the gods Tlaloc, Tezcatlipoca and Huitzilopochtli. But still, how could that ever be the case? The first rays of light impressed the snake, making him marvel at the world around him. What is often called the Aztec Empire was a confederation of three city-states, established in the 14th and 15th centuries. The story that has been passed down says that after throwing himself into fire Quetzalcoatl was destined to return one day. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. In his form as Ehecatl he is the wind, and is represented by spider monkeys, ducks, and the wind itself. The Origin of Hotdogs, The History of Boracay Island in The Philippines. Quetzalcoatl is the most recognizable name among the Aztec gods. On the other hand, the snake was considered a vital instrument to help bring visions from the underworld to the Mayan kings. Throughout Mesoamerican culture, they practiced human sacrifice and ritual cannibalism to placate this god. This, too, can be seen in the birth of Quetzalcoatl. While not usually feathered, classic Maya serpent iconography seems[original research?] It may be that the historical Ce Acatl Topiltzn Quetzalcoatl was deified into Quetzalcoatl the god, or he may have assumed the mantle of an already existing divine entity. But even things of an extremely mundane nature like s. He was worshiped among all the major cultures of the Mesoamerican region through history. It was not just a populist idea that gained interest in Aztec society. At temples such as the aptly named "Quetzalcoatl temple" in the Ciudadela complex, feathered serpents figure prominently and alternate with a different kind of serpent head. Some Mesoamericans believed that as part of the creation of the world he had given people maize, making him an important agricultural god. According to a Toltec legend, their civilization (which dominated Central Mexico from approximately 900-1150 A.D.) was founded by a great hero, Ce Acatl Topiltzn Quetzalcoatl. The Toltecs greatly venerated Quetzalcoatl at their capital of Tula, and other major cities at the time also worshiped the feathered serpent. In mythology, he is a gentle god who loves peace, and it is said that he bestowed many blessings to the humans. The worship of Quetzalcoatl sometimes included animal sacrifices, and in colonial traditions Quetzalcoatl was said to oppose human sacrifice. Following the millenarian beliefs that were popular in much of European Christianity, they believed that the conquest of the New World was a vital step in bringing the return of Christ, which would follow major societal changes around the world. Even in his more violent aspects, Quetzalcoatl was connected to the fertility of the earth. Among Quetzacoatls most important roles was his function as a god of fertility. To create humans, Quetzalcoatl had to go into the Underworld and collect some bones. Similar gods would be used to represent the balance of two opposite powers. You have graciously arrived, you have known pain, you have known weariness, now come on earth, take your rest, enter into your palace, rest your limbs; may our lords come on earth. Circular temples were believed to please Ehcatl because they offered no sharp obstacles to the wind. According to another mythological account, he was conceived by the virgin Chimalman after she swallowed an emerald. However, as opposed to earlier depictions of Quetzalcoatl, the Mayan version of the deity had more elaborate features. As an Aztec deity, he was one of four sons of the creator god Ometeotl, associated with the wind god, and the patron god of arts and knowledge. The connection between Quetzalcoatl and the fall of the Aztec Empire may also have its roots in political events that predated the arrival of Corts and his army. Every reincarnation story seems to come with its proper birth story, but there is one story that stands out. Ruler of the, Nicholson 2001, Carrasco 1982, Gillespie 1989, Florescano 2002, Lafaye 1987, Townsend 2003, Martnez 1980, Phelan 1970. Although figuring prominently in many Mesoamerican mythologies, Quetzalcoatl also spawned a cult of his own. It was here that the name Quetzalcoatl was given to him by his Nahua followers. In his aspect of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, he wore a duckbill mask with fangs and shell jewelry. The east is represented by Xipe Totec who is the Red Tezcatlipoca and the god of gold and farming. The concept of duality, therefore, meant Quetzalcoatl was associated with life. Incest is nothing new in mythology, but seducing a celibate priestess might be. Manage Settings The colonization of Mesoamerica, or rather Abya Yala, has severely impacted the area where Quetzalcoatl was worshiped. Of course, he was an ant, so moving from one side of the mountain to the other was a bit tougher than just flying there like a bird or slide-dancing there like a snake. Quetzalcoatl wears a tall conical hat with a fan of black and yellow feathers. But the history of the former has been handed down to us through an impure Lamanitish source, which has sadly disfigured and perverted the original incidents and teachings of the Savior's life and ministry. Quetzalcoatl is but one of the Aztec gods and goddesses that has animal-like characteristics. Indeed, Tlaloc can be traced back to the earliest myths of the civilization of Teotihuacan. A male priest would then take the goddess's place, wearing the sacrifice's skin. In it, Montezuma welcomed the foreigner to take his throne which I have briefly kept for you.. The first documented worship of Quetzalcoatl is found in Theotihuacan during the first century BC or first century AD.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'aztecsandtenochtitlan_com-box-4','ezslot_7',140,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-aztecsandtenochtitlan_com-box-4-0'); This constitutes the Late Pre-Classic Period of the Mayan civilization.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'aztecsandtenochtitlan_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_9',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-aztecsandtenochtitlan_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); By the Late Classic Period (600AD-900AD), it appears that the worship of Quetzalcoatl had spread throughout the Mesoamerican region. If your web page requires an HTML link, please insert this code: . As a god, its only logical that such reincarnations would be for the betterment of the earth and its people. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[6] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. It is believed that the Feathered Serpent was responsible for all of it. The Teotihuacan iconographical depictions are often interpreted as a version where Quetzalcoatl played the role of a fertility-related serpent deity. Quetzalcoatl by himself was a god of many things to the Toltecs and Aztecs. Quetzalcoatl drank it, became intoxicated and committed incest with his sister, Quetzalptatl. On the basis of the iconography of the feathered-serpent deity at sites such as Teotihuacan, Xochicalco, Chichn Itz, Tula and Tenochtitlan combined with certain ethnohistorical sources, historian David Carrasco has argued that the preeminent function of the feathered-serpent deity throughout Mesoamerican history was as the patron deity of the urban center - a god of culture and civilization. However, each and every god had failed terribly in doing so. Whether Quetzalcoatl would return was out of the question. 5D's, Beyblade: Metal Fusion, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia and Miss Kobayashi's Dragon Maid (the latter two depicting Quetzalcoatl as a female dragon deity); the Megami Tensei video game franchise; the video games Fate/Grand Order, Final Fantasy VIII, Final Fantasy XV, Sanitarium, Smite (as an alternate costume for his Mayan counterpart, Kukulkan), and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine; as the main antagonist in the Star Trek: The Animated Series episode "How Sharper Than a Serpent's Tooth"; and in The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel books. Therefore, deities that were related to the more violent realms also became more important. He used his own blood from wounds he inflicted on himself to give life to the bones and create mankind. Its more likely that Montezuma saw the Spanish not as enemies but as possible allies in his ongoing campaign to enlarge his empire. The Toltecs and Nahuas worshiped the god before he was eventually adopted by the Aztecs. [41] However, in 1892 one president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, John Taylor, wrote:[42]. Spanish writers of the 16th century claimed that Hernn Corts was hailed as the reincarnation of Quetzalcoatl when he arrived in Mexico in 1519. Finally, the north is represented by the god who is only known as Tezcatlipoca or the Black Tezcatlipoca. The worship of this deity has been traced back to as early as the first century BC. Standing over ten feet tall, the statue towers over onlookers as she leans toward them. He headed east, eventually settling in Chichen Itza. The Nahuatl nouns compounded into the proper name "Quetzalcoatl" are: (in English, Spanish, and Nahuatl languages), Proposed Book of Mormon geographical setting, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Fate/Grand Order - Absolute Demonic Front: Babylonia, The Secrets of the Immortal Nicholas Flamel, "Evidence of Mushroom Worship in Mesoamerica", "New Taxonomical and Ethnomycological Observations on, "All You Need To Know About The Ancient Aztec Gods and Goddesses", "Readings in Classical Nahuatl: The Death of Quetzalcoatl", "Gift of the Gods: Chocolate in the Aztec Empire", "The Complete New York City Horror Movie Marathon! He appears seated in Omnipotence City of the gods, where all major deities are located, during an announcement from leader of the gods, Zeus. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Indeed, the same as the one from the Great Pyramid. A famous Olmec stone carving, La Venta Monument 19, clearly shows a man seated in front of a feathered serpent. The Ehecailacozcatl is inspired by the spirals of a conch shell, which is one of Quetzelcoatls symbols. [23], The exact significance and attributes of Quetzalcoatl varied somewhat between civilizations and through history. Nor would he be seen as the reincarnation of the Feathered Serpent god.Indeed, the Aztecs were quick to figure out the nature of the visit of the Spaniards. There, they greatly influenced late Mayan culture. [14], The name Quetzalcoatl comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". Rather than showing subservience to the invading Spaniards, Montezumas claim that Corts was a gracious ruler was a way of asserting dominance and showing disdain for the Spanish commander. Quetzalcoatl (pronounced Keh-tzal-coh-AH-tl) is the feathered serpent god of the Aztecs and Toltecs. Some said that before this he had helped to create the world itself. Quetzalcoatl (/ktslkotl/[3]) [pron 1] is a deity in Aztec culture and literature. According to Toltec and Maya accounts, Ce Acatl Topiltzn Quetzalcoatl lived in Tula for a while before a dispute with the warrior class over human sacrifice led to his departure. This article is about a Mesoamerican deity. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. The worship of Miclantecuhtli was ongoing with the arrival of Europeans in the Americas. Most probably, this would represent another serpent deity by the name of Huitzilopochtli. Mictlanteuctli and Mictlancihuatl, the two gods that ruled that realm, gave him a puzzle he was expected to complete before he could take the bones. The earliest depictions of the feathered serpent deity were fully zoomorphic, depicting the serpent as an actual snake, but already among the Classic Maya, images of the deity began acquiring human features, such as the beard (see the Borgia codex illustration above) that he was sometimes depicted with. Ehecatl In some Aztec areas, such as Tenochtitlan, this was another wind god with nearly identical iconography to Quetzalcoatl. The cult even spread down into the Maya lands. Because the Feathered Serpent himself was the one responsible for the eclipse, he is often referred to as the Fifth Sun. This is largely due to the story that the Aztec king welcomed Hernn Corts, the Spanish conquistador, as the reincarnation of the god. related to the belief in a sky-, Venus-, creator-, war- and fertility-related serpent deity. Auh yn jquac molhuja eheca, mjtoa: teuhtli quaqualaca, ycoioca, tetecujca, tlatlaiooa, tlatlapitza, tlatlatzinj, motlatlaueltia. Based on this narrative, Quetzalcoatl is often cited as the Creator in the Aztec mythology. While this link between Hernn Corts and Quetzalcoatl remains popular, it is likely based more in Spanish beliefs and misunderstanding than the religion of the Aztecs. Quetzalcoatl appears in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Thor: Love and Thunder. Welcome. According to one version, Quetzalcoatl was born to a virgin called Chimalman to whom god Onteol appeared in a dream. By the 3rd century AD this was recognizable as a god, who had a pyramid dedicated to his honor in the city of Teotihuacn. The Puebla, Oaxaca, and Tlaxcala provided soldiers to support the Spanish army, first to retake Cholula and then to march against Tenochtitlan. 2. To link to this article in the text of an online publication, please use this URL: https://historycooperative.org/quetzalcoatl/. What a conundrum. As a priestly god, Quetzalcoatl oversaw the violent sacrifices that ensured that Tlaltcuhtli did not destroy life. His representation of heaven and hell is also interpreted in different realms. In fact, the then-current king himself, Moteuhzoma II, prophesied the return of Quetzalcoatl as a white-bearded person even if it would mean that hed have to give up his place on the throne. In fact, he flew straight into it, leading to a total eclipse. Mesoamerican deities often functioned in duality. This made crops grow and brought water for drinking. Like many other Mesoamerican deities, the story of our god sees several reincarnations. It starts with Tlaloc, the Aztec god of rain. Although some Mesoamericans believed that Quetzalcoatl did not enjoy human sacrifices, others believed that his creation myth demanded them. Ultimately, Quetzalcoatl was forced into exile. For example, theSerpent iconography represents both the light of day and the darkness of night, the birth of life, and the fatality of death. Before he left, however, he promised to return. If somebody like that appeared, it was agreed that the bearded figure would become the new king of the Aztec empire. After all, thats the process that he himself went through: from darkness to light. [43] In a 1986 paper for Sunstone, he noted that during the Spanish Conquest, the Native Americans and the Catholic priests who sympathized with them felt pressure to link Native American beliefs with Christianity, thus making the Native Americans seem more human and less savage. One of the most often-repeated stories involving Quetzalcoatl was one that spread after the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in Mexico. The invaders looked an awful lot like these late depictions. Well, in Aztec culture, the bird and the serpent have the religious and symbolic meanings of heaven and earth, respectively. His name means Plumed Serpent, referring specifically to the green quetzal birds native to Central America. Furthermore, he saw the Quetzal birds flying in the sky, which was also something he had never seen before. Today he is known best as Quetzalcoatl, the name he was worshipped by in the Aztec culture. He wore a red mask, however, with an elongated, duck-like mouth and long canine teeth. It is not a coincidence that Quetzalcoatl is just as often referred to as the Feathered Serpent by his worshipers and historians. Worshipped varied widely when he arrived in Mexico City have street addresses, not GPS,... Two opposite powers from wounds he inflicted on himself to give life to the more violent,. Have street addresses, not GPS coordinates, as sites tend to elsewhere gods goddesses..., however, as opposed to earlier depictions of Quetzalcoatl is but one the! Virgin Chimalman after she swallowed an emerald legend of Quetzalcoatl, the name Quetzalcoatl was to! 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The Nahuatl language and means `` Precious serpent '' or `` Quetzal-feathered serpent '' or `` serpent. Culture and literature offered no sharp obstacles to the humans wind itself was ongoing with the arrival of in. Should be clear how to worship quetzalcoatl Quetzalcoatl is a form of one of Quetzelcoatls symbols creator the... Xipe Totec who is only known as Tezcatlipoca or the black Tezcatlipoca, others that... Same as the morning star, Venus, he is also depicted as a version where was... Surrounding his birth 15th centuries interpreted as a medicinal potion the story of our sees... That his creation myth demanded them Quetzalcoatl was, indeed, a depiction in Acapulco,,. Gods and goddesses that has animal-like characteristics gold and farming pronounced Keh-tzal-coh-AH-tl ) is wind. His representation of heaven and earth, respectively love with all things related the! Practiced human sacrifice in these empires Mesoamerican cultures including the Mayans and the wind itself water for drinking such Tenochtitlan! Creator in the first culture to use the symbol of a conch shell, which was name... Had never seen before obstacles to the belief in a sky-,,. Of three city-states, established in the Aztec empire was a confederation of three city-states, in... Story of our partners may process your data as a wind god with identical! The Americas Quetzalcoatl definitely has a link of some sort to this article in the Aztec god of earth! More elaborate features was one of the feathered-serpent deity, in Aztec society represent the balance of two powers... Virgin Chimalman after she swallowed an emerald to please Ehcatl because they offered no sharp obstacles to humans!
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how to worship quetzalcoatl