After five and one-half hours of shelling by Porter's squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River, Grant called an end to the Battle of Grand Gulf. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. The Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. April 30, 1863 Federals March toward Port Gibson As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. The Federals divided their forces and moved along two roughly parallel roads that converged near their objective, about ten miles to the east. Resounding Union victories at the Battle of Champion Hill (May 16) and the Battle of Big Black River (May 17), forced Pemberton to take refuge within the City of Vicksburg proper. At the onset of the American Civil War, the State of Tennessee comprised most of the northern border of the Confederate States of America in the West. With 20,000 men crowded into a 1.5-mile (2.4km) front, McClernand's plan appeared to be to force his way past the Confederate line. These stately columns are all that remain of Windsor, one of the most magnificent homes in the antebellum South. One-hundred-foot-tall (30m) hills separated by nearly vertical ravines choked with canebrakes and underbrush rendered Bowen's position tenable, despite the overwhelming Union force heading his way. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400 ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. Gen. Edward D. Tracy arrived later and was posted across the Bruinsburg Road two miles north of Green's position. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. Port Gibson, MS 39150 Every purchase supports the mission. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered, and at around 10:00 a.m., his line collapsed. Fighting in the scattered fields and forest around the Shaifer House intensified as more Union regiments and batteries came into action. Map (db m35542) HM The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and they were victorious. On the night of May 1, 1863, 23,000 Union soldiers landed a few miles south of Vicksburg at Port Gibson, Mississippi. On March 29, 1863, he put part of his army to work constructing bridges, draining bayous and constructing a road past Vicksburg on the west side of the Mississippi. In July 1862, President Abraham Lincoln summoned Major General Henry W. Halleck to Washington to serve as chief of all Union armies. Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton, the commander of Confederate troops in and around Vicksburg, had roughly 30,000 soldiers at his disposal. Struck with the realization that McPherson could cut him off from the bridge over the Big Black River, Bowen ordered the formidable defenses at Grand Gulf abandoned, the magazine exploded, and the heavy artillery destroyed. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. A 2,080-acre (840ha) area surrounding part of the site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972, and a larger area was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2005. The moon is shining above us and the road is romantic in the extreme. The Battle of Port Gibson was one of the turning points of the War between the States, since this defeat of the Confederates led to the capture of Vicksburg. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. Fortunately for Grant, Pemberton took literally his orders to defend Vicksburg at all costs. Grant then returned his attention to Vicksburg. Battle of Vicksburg Map. Map (db m105841) HM An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Restoration of the site is in progress and the majority of the battlefield is privately owned. Green called for reinforcements from Brig. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. An informative marker tells the story behind the mansion, including its demise. Please read ourPrivacy Policyregarding the use of cookies and visitor tracking. Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. After two desperate counterattacks failed in the late afternoon, Bowen recognized the futility of further resistance against the Union onslaught and ordered a retreat, leaving behind several hundred prisoners. The only Confederate cavalry in the area, Wirt Adams's regiment, had been ordered away to pursue Grierson's raiders, and Maj. Gen. John S. Bowen performed a reconnaissance in force to determine Grant's intentions. Green called for reinforcements from Brig. Port Gibson Battlefield The A. K. Shaifer House was the site of the opening shots in the Battle of Port Gibson. Grant would then detach Maj. Gen. John A. McClernand's XIII Corps to Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks at Port Hudson, Louisiana, while Sherman hurried to join Grant and James B. McPherson and the XVII Corps for an inland move against the railroad. On May 1, 1863, Confederate forces under Brig. Port Hudson Union Official Records. Battle of Port Gibson Grants March Marker, Former U.S. Presidents: #18 Ulysses S. Grant, Alcorn Agricultural And Mechanical College. A desperate Confederate counterattack by Cockrells Missourians was repulsed, and Bowen ordered a retreat. Gen. William E. Baldwin's Brigade arrived later and was positioned in support of Green's Brigade. Port Gibson | May 1, 1863 (June 2020) American Battlefield Trust Port Gibson, ten miles east of Bruinsburg on the Little Bayou Pierre River, commanded the road network between Grand Gulf and Jackson and was Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's first objective after crossing the Mississippi. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Bowen deployed Brigadier General Martin E. Greens Brigade west of Port Gibson along Rodney Road and he stationed Brigadier General Edward D. Tracys brigade across Bruinsburg Road. Built between 1859-1861, the plantation was the home of wealthy planter, Smith Coffee Daniell, II. Despite the reinforcements, Green was still heavily outnumbered and around 10:00 a.m. his line collapsed. The bluff upon which the city sits made it nearly impossible to assault from the river. Confederate forces were entrenched at Magnolia Church. On April 29, 1863, Grant put his grand scheme into action. As Greens men scrambled to the rear, Brig. Successive Union attacks buckled the Confederate lines. After a prolonged siege, Grant eventually forced Pemberton to surrender on July 4, 1863. If the Union could gain control of the Mississippi, the Confederacy would be denied easy access to supplies from the Gulf of Mexico and territories in the American West. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. At roughly 8 a.m., a Union musket ball pierced General Tracy's breast, killing him instantly, but his men held on until about 10 a.m. when their lines began to crumble. Gen. Peter Osterhaus. The battle secured a Union beachhead east of the Mississippi River and enabled Grant to move northeastward unopposed. The Battle of Port Gibson on May 1, 1863 was a pivotal event of the Civil War in Mississippi which featured the largest amphibious operation of the United States army prior to June 6, 1944. As the long column tramped down this road many officers were on foot. Every purchase supports the mission. By mid-April, his men had carved a path through the Louisiana wilderness that would enable Grant to march the Army of the Tennessee past Vicksburg, cross the river, and then attack the city from the south. President Abraham Lincoln. Explore the known interments of Soldiers' Rest Cemetery. Union forces entering Port Gibson . With two of the three main rivers connecting the North and South under Union control, the Federals turned their attention to the Mississippi River. Gen. Peter J. Osterhaus's 9th Division facing that direction. Rather than moving forward to confront the Union invasion force at Bruinsburg, where it was most vulnerable, Pemberton kept most of his troops in garrison at Vicksburg. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. On April 29, 1863, Grant put his grand scheme into action. This survey was of a two-acre borrow area . Port Hudson Conf Official Records. Join us July 13-16! The battle of Port Gibson cost Grant 131 killed, 719 wounded, and 25 missing out of 23,000 men engaged. McClernand and McPherson then rendezvoused with Porter at Bruinsburg, fewer than ten miles downriver from Grand Gulf. The Confederate defeat resulted in their losing the ability to hold Mississippi and defend against an amphibious attack . A few miles to the south, McClernands Corps traveled along Rodney Road. Manage Settings The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. In July 1862, General Henry Halleck was called to Washington and promoted to chief of all Union armies, leaving Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. Fighting in the scattered fields and forest around the Shaifer House intensified as more Union regiments and batteries came into action. [5] In 2011, the Civil War Preservation Trust was renamed the Civil War Trust, which in 2018 became a division of the American Battlefield Trust. The presence of the Natchez Road figured in the May 1, 1863 Battle of Port Gibson.In that battle, Union forces under General Ulysses S . The 11th Wisconsin Infantry was among the first units to attack and remained in front throughout the battle. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. Unaware that Grant had pulled back, Sherman attacked and was defeated at the Battle of Chickasaw Bluffs (December 29, 1862). Join us July 13-16! The site of the Battle of Port Gibson lies approximately four miles west of the historic town of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi. Under threat of being surrounded, Bowen also evacuated the formidable Fort Cobun at Grand Gulf, yielding control of the area to Grants Army of the Tennessee. The Union Army was led by Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and was victorious. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. Farragut made two attempts to do so in May and June 1862, but both excursions failed. In May of 1962, the Grand Gulf Military Monument Park was officially opened, dedicated to preserving the memory of both the town and the battle in which occurred there. The terrain is a tangle of ravines and terraces, caused by the soil type (sedimentary loess) and a history of intensive agricultural use up to the 20th century. Gen. John Bowen, in overall Confederate command on the field, worked feverishly to restore his line. McClernand stopped to reorganize, then launched into a series of grandiose speeches until Grant pointed out that the Confederates had simply withdrawn to a more defendable position. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. Five-and-one-half hours of shelling by Porters squadron failed to silence Fort Cobun, a Confederate artillery stronghold guarding the Mississippi River. Admiral David Farragut captured the port city of New Orleans on May 18, 1862, closing down Confederate access to the Gulf. As a result, the landing was unchallenged and the only Confederates nearby were Major General John S. Bowen's force of 6,000-8,000 soldiers who had marched to Port Gibson after thwarting Grant's landing at Grand Gulf the previous day. The brigades of Brig. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! Rather than form on Garrotts endangered right, Green assumed position on his left and, thus, provided little support. With the aid of Admiral Porters gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernands 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. Bowen repulsed the Union navy at Grand Gulf, Major Gen. U.S. Grant landed his troops on the Louisiana side and marched them down river. Windsor survived the war, becoming a prominent landmark along the Mississippi River. To the north, nearly impenetrable swamps and bayous protected Vicksburg. Join us July 13-16! The Battle of Georgia Landing or Battle of Labadieville (October 27, 1862) was fought between a Union Army force led by Brigadier General Godfrey Weitzel and a Confederate States Army force commanded by Brigadier General Alfred Mouton near Labadieville, Assumption Parish, Louisiana, during the American Civil War.After a sharp clash, the Union troops compelled Mouton's outnumbered force to retreat. The house was used by Maj. Gen. John A McClernand for his headquarters and later used as a hospital. Stay up-to-date on our FREE educational resources & professional development opportunities, all designed to support your work teaching American history. As McPhersons troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Greens advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. On May 1, the Battle of Port Gibson was fought. Within six weeks, Grant captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River, establishing federal control of both waterways. The Battle of Port Gibson was fought near Port Gibson, Mississippi, on May 1, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. On May 2, Grant quickly maneuvered Bowen out of position by sending McPherson to cross the Bayou Pierre at a ford several miles upstream. To divert attention from his main operations, Grant ordered Sherman to feign an attack against Confederate forces stationed at Snyder's Bluff, upriver from Vicksburg, from April 29 through May 1. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. Windsor Plantation. Tracy dispatched infantry and artillery to Greens assistance minutes before cannons began to pound his own line, signaling the advance of a new Union column under Brig. Confederate forces were entrenched at nearby Magnolia Church. Port Gibson was the opening battle in a successful two-month-long Union campaign to capture Vicksburg, Mississippi, and take control of the Mississippi River. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. The general tried to calm their fears by telling them that the enemy could not possibly arrive before daylight. Just then, a single shot rang out as the Confederate pickets spotted movement in the distance. After the battle the mansion was used as a Union hospital and observation post, thus sparing it from being burned by Union troops. At nightfall they were forced to yield and the Union victory established a foothold to attack Vicksburg. The first strong point on the Mississippi was the Gibraltar of the Confederacy,Vicksburg. Meanwhile, Grant approached the city with the bulk of his army from the east, but Rebel cavalry cut his supply lines, forcing him to retreat before launching an assault. (CSA). Battle of Raymond: May 12 Night fighting such as this was rare during the Civil War because it was difficult to maintain command and control of the troops. Despite heavy Rebel fire, Porter passed the city, losing only one ship. To complete the river crossing, however, Grant needed the help of his naval forces. Port Hudson West Gulf Blockading Squad. Begin or dive deeper into researching your family tree, Learn about the spaces, places, & unique story of your community, The largest North American Heritage collection after the Library of Congress. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! Battle of Port Gibson Marker. The Confederate right did not last long. https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/historyculture/battleportgibson.htm. [4], U.S. National Register of Historic Places, List of National Historic Landmarks in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places listings in Claiborne County, Mississippi, "National Historic Landmark Nomination: Battle of Port Gibson / Battle of Thompson's Hill / Battle of Magnolia Hills", History Under Siege: Port Gibson designated by the Civil War Preservation Trust as a Top 10 most endangered Civil War battlefield in 2009, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Gibson_Battlefield&oldid=1103087379, This page was last edited on 8 August 2022, at 08:24. Hallecks departure left Major General Ulysses S. Grant in charge of operations in the Western Theater. Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. The Union victory secured that beachhead and paved the way for the eventual fall of Vicksburg. Because the city was perched atop a heavily fortified bluff, they decided to cross the Mississippi downstream from it and circle around from the rear. William T. Shermanattempted to storm the city but came up short at Chickasaw Bayou. The Port Gibson Battlefield is the site near Port Gibson, Mississippi where the 1863 Battle of Port Gibson was fought during the American Civil War. MOVING INLAND: BATTLE OF PORT GIBSON The first day ashore, Grant pushed McClernand two miles inland to high, dry ground and on toward the town of Port Gibson, where a bridge across Big Bayou Pierre led to Grand Gulf (which Grant coveted as a supply base on the Mississippi). With the aid of Admiral Porter's gunboats, Grant attempted to move Major General John A. McClernand's 13th Army Corps down the Mississippi River on transport barges and execute a landing on the east bank at Grand Gulf, located at the juncture of the Mississippi and the Big Black River roughly thirty miles below Vicksburg. Subscribe to the American Battlefield Trust's quarterly email series of curated stories for the curious-minded sort! The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! The following information is provided for citations. If you would like to know more, please contact us. Gen. Robert E. Lee. The action intensified on both roads at dawn as the Federals resumed their push toward Port Gibson. The creators behind Ohio Civil War Central are historians, developers, and website specialists. Grant launched his campaign against Vicksburg, Mississippi, in the spring of 1863, starting his army south from Milliken's Bend on the . The only surviving historic structure is the Shaifer plantation house, which is where the battle began. Gen. Peter Osterhaus. The battlefield covers about 3,400 acres (1,400ha) of land west of the city, astride Rodney Road, where Union Army forces were establishing a beachhead after crossing the Mississippi River in a bid to take the Confederate fortress of Vicksburg. Port Gibson: Featured Resources Civil War | Video Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Article 10 Facts: The Vicksburg Campaign Civil War | Biography James B. McPherson The general tried to calm their fears by telling them that the enemy could not possibly arrive before daylight. . The battle began around midnight near the Shaifer House four miles west of town. The 23rd Wisconsin Infantry was held in reserve during the morning but in the afternoon captured 20 prisoners. Green quickly mounted and raced back to Magnolia Church to alert his brigade. The remaining garrison at Grand Gulf was evacuated the next day. The First American President: Setting the Precedent, African Americans During the Revolutionary War, Save 42 Historic Acres at the Battle of Chancellorsville, Phase Three of Gaines Mill-Cold Harbor Saved Forever Campaign, An Unparalleled Preservation Opportunity at Gettysburg Battlefield, For Sale: Three Battlefield Tracts Spanning Three Wars, Preserve 128 Sacred Acres at Antietam and Shepherdstown. of Ms. & E. The land on the Louisiana side of the river, opposite Vicksburg, was rough, etched with poor roads and many streams. At roughly 8 a.m., a Union musket ball pierced General Tracys breast, killing him instantly, but his men held on until about 10 a.m. when their lines crumbled. As McPherson's troops moved along Rodney Road in the dark, they encountered light opposition from Green's advance patrols until stopping at about 3 a.m. Old Natchez Trace (132-3T), located northeast of Port Gibson in Claiborne County, Mississippi, about 0.7 miles north of the Mangum Mound Site at milepost 45.7. The women were terrified and, screaming with fright, leaped into the wagon and whipped the animals toward Port Gibson. Finding an unguarded landing at Bruinsburg, south of Grand Gulf, the Union launched the largest amphibious landing conducted by the U. S. Army until the Normandy Invasion on June 6, 1944. . By mid-April, his men had carved a path through the Louisiana wilderness that would enable Grant to march the Army of the Tennessee past Vicksburg, cross the river, and then attack the city from the south. When spring arrived, Grant set a new plan into motion. Grant then returned his attention to Vicksburg. Gen. Alvin P. Hovey's 12th Division arrived and surged forward just as Carr's men were storming the Confederate position. In June, the Union tightened its grip on the Mississippi, when federal forces captured the river city of Memphis, Tennessee. Against this target, Grant poised his army to strike. Nevertheless, the South still controlled traffic on much of the river because of its strong fortifications at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Gen. John Bowen, in overall Confederate command on the field, worked feverishly to restore his line. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. This FREE annual event brings together educators from all over the world for sessions, lectures, and tours from leading experts. Unaware that Grant had pulled back, Sherman attacked, but Rebels forces defeated him at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou (December 2629, 1862). In December, Grant launched his first attempt to capture Vicksburg. American History Centralis a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, a program designed to allowsites to generate revenue by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The American Battlefield Trust is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The Confederate force now retreated back towards Grand Gulf. The Confederate victory proved inconsequential, however. As an Amazon Associate, the owner of AHC can earn from qualifying purchases. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. American History Central is an independent encyclopedia of American history. The site is owned, operated, and funded by R.Squared Communications, LLC. Under threat of being surrounded, Bowen was also forced to evacuate the formidable Fort Cobun at Grand Gulf, yielding control of the area to Grant's Army of the Tennessee. Stay up-to-date on the American Battlefield Trust's battlefield preservation efforts, travel tips, upcoming events, history content and more. This historical marker is Near Bruinsburg in Claiborne County Mississippi, 3. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. This strategic battle was fought eight miles west of Bethel Church on May 1, 1863. Soon after, Tracy was killed by a snipers bullet. The Confederate right did not last long. Grant then called an end to the Battle of Grand Gulf. When reinforcements arrived from Brigadier General William E. Baldwin's and Colonel Francis M. Cockrell's brigades, the Rebels established a succession of new lines while being forced back steadily. As the Union forces came ashore, they secured a beachhead and began marching toward Port Gibson by late afternoon on April 30. Being burned by Union troops the commander of Confederate troops in and around 10:00 a.m. line! 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battle of port gibson map